You may have heard of oral contraceptives like “The Pill” or barrier methods, but have you heard of longer-lasting methods to prevent pregnancy? Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are one kind of Long-acting Reversible Contraceptive (LARC) that can be put into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. IUDs prevent pregnancy by changing the pathway sperm cells travel through so they can’t contact the egg.
There are two types of IUDs: copper and hormonal. Copper IUDs create an environment that is toxic to sperm, which prevents sperm from reaching the egg. On the other hand, hormonal IUDs prevent pregnancy by thickening the mucus in the cervix to block the sperm from moving or stop eggs from leaving the ovaries. While IUDs are commonly thought of as preventative measures, they are more than 99% effective if they are put in within 5 days after unprotected sex. They can also be used for up to 8-12 years depending on the IUD you choose. IUDs are not without side effects though and are not recommended for people with a recent history of pelvic inflammatory disease or bleeding disorders.
IUDs are one of many options to prevent pregnancy.
Image source: Dorling Kindersley
Standard copper IUDs, such as Paragard, can last up to 12 years, but hormonal IUDs often last as long. For instance, common hormonal IUDs such as Kyleena work up to 5 years, and Skyla only works for up to 3 years. The longest-lasting hormonal IUD is Mirena, which received FDA approval for use of up to 8 years.
Mirena was the first hormonal IUD approved for use in the U.S. and works by releasing the hormone levonorgestrel into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. Levonorgestrel is a progestin that mimics the effects of the hormone, progesterone, and prevents the release of an egg from the ovary. In a Mirena Extension Trial, 362 women were studied for the use of Mirena for 8 years and pregnancy prevention remained 99% effective. User satisfaction and safety remained high throughout the trial period as well.
Although birth control methods are available to the public, there are still barriers to obtaining contraception such as lack of insurance or education. The extension of Mirena provides women with an additional contraceptive option to discuss with their healthcare provider. Increased contraceptive research also helps improve access to care and comprehensive sexual education.
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